What can cause knee pain in runners?

Patellofemoral pain, also known as runner's knee or anterior knee pain, refers to pain or discomfort felt around or behind the kneecap (patella). Several factors can contribute to the development of patellofemoral pain, including:

  1. Overuse or repetitive strain: Engaging in activities that involve repetitive knee motions or high-impact activities, such as running, jumping, or squatting, can put excessive stress on the patellofemoral joint and lead to pain.

  2. Muscle imbalances: Weakness or imbalances in the muscles surrounding the knee can affect the alignment and tracking of the patella, leading to increased pressure and irritation. Weak quadriceps or tightness in the muscles of the thigh or hip can contribute to patellofemoral pain.

  3. Abnormal patellar tracking: The patella normally glides in a groove at the end of the thigh bone (femur) when the knee is bent or straightened. Any abnormalities in the alignment or tracking of the patella, such as lateral displacement or tilting, can cause pain.

  4. Joint problems: Conditions that affect the joint structures, such as arthritis or chondromalacia patella (softening and damage to the cartilage behind the patella), can contribute to patellofemoral pain.

  5. Malalignment or structural issues: Anatomical factors like flat feet, high arches, leg length discrepancies, or abnormal knee alignment (e.g., knock knees or bowlegs) can alter the forces acting on the patella and increase the risk of pain.

  6. Trauma or injury: A direct blow to the kneecap, a fall, or sudden movements that stress the knee joint can cause acute patellofemoral pain.

  7. Improper footwear or training errors: Wearing worn-out or inappropriate shoes that do not provide adequate support or engaging in improper training techniques, such as sudden increases in intensity or volume of activity, can contribute to knee pain.

It's important to note that the underlying cause of patellofemoral pain can vary from person to person. If you're experiencing persistent knee pain, it's recommended to consult a healthcare professional, such as a sports medicine specialist or an orthopedic doctor, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.